The value of the gold and silver used for the tabernacle would be in the neighborhood of $12,000,000, and the cost of the entire tabernacle possibly more than $13,000,000, judged at present-day values.​—Ex 38:24-29. There was an incense altar likewise in the second temple. The use of this altar in the ritual of the Tabernacle falls under the heading SACRIFICE. Recently several altars have been revealed by excavations. (Nu 4:24-26; 7:7) The Merarites, with four wagons, took care of the very heavy items, including the panel frames and the pillars, socket pedestals and related tent pins, and cords.​—Nu 4:29-32; 7:8. If the murder was premeditated, however, then the altar was clearly profaned by the murderer's presence and the individual could be taken away and killed. Other possible abuses were suggested by the current practices of the Canaanites or are explained by the terms of the laws. Presumably this altar had no horns. How much less this temple I have built!” Share how God blessed Solomon and the people by making His presence special in the temple. In Ezekiel's vision the courtyard altar also was horned ( Eze 43:15 ). It is probable that the censers in use at the time of the construction of this altar and after were in shape like a spoon or ladle (see SHEWBREAD, TABLE OF), which, when filled with live coals from the great altar, were carried within the sanctuary and laid upon the altar of incense (Leviticus 16:12). When Naaman desired to cease sacrificing to any deity save the God of Israel he was confronted by the problem of deciding how he could sacrifice to Him outside this "place." On altar furniture see POT; SHOVEL; BASIN; FLESH-HOOK; FIREPAN. _III. Thus, although the Hebrew word qeʹresh is rendered “board” in older versions, several modern translations render the word “frame” or “panel frame.”​—Ex 26:15-29, AT, JB, Mo, NW, RS. This heap is not expressly termed an altar, but if this covenant be compared with later covenants it will be seen that in these its place is taken by an altar of the lay type (SBL, chapter 2), and it is reasonable to suppose that this heap was in fact used as an altar (compare Genesis 31:54). In 22:28 we find them saying, "Be hold the pattern of the altar," etc. ( Exodus 20:24 Exodus 20:25 ) I. He is claimed by the religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Bahai as an important prophet of God and the founder of monotheistic belief. (Ex 12:34-36; see SEALSKIN.) The altar, like that of Ezekiel's plan, was built in diminishing stages; in the Mishna, one of one cubit, and three of five cubits in height, the topmost stage measuring twenty-six cubits square, or, with deduction of a cubit for the officiating priests, twenty-four cubits. To them Isaac added an altar at Beersheba (Genesis 26:25), probably a re-erection, on the same site, of an altar built by Abraham, whose home for many years was at Beersheba. Bibliography. The altar is hollow. In the apocalypse of John, no temple was in the restored heaven and earth (Revelation 21:22), but in the earlier part of the vision was a temple (Revelation 14:17; 15:6) with an altar and a censer (Revelation 8:3). Professor Sellin places the date of the altar at about 700 BC. See further, \TEMPLE\, Structure on which offerings are made to a deity. This altar, as erected in the tabernacle, is described in Exodus 27:1-8 . God smelled the aroma and found it pleasing. For the sake of clearness different terms will be adopted in this article to denote the two kinds of altars. In Solomon's temple the altar was similar in size, but was made of cedar-wood ( 1 Kings 6:20 ; 7:48 ) overlaid with gold. It was also evidently 10 cubits in width. This is decisive as to the meaning, for the lay altar had no pattern. and RSV, "Siccuth").. And if thou make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stones; for if thou lift thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it. The prohibition of steps in Exodus 20:26 and the analogy of later altars suggest that this small altar before the tabernacle was made to stand on a base or platform, led up to by a slope of earth. Endless confusion has been caused, even in our own time, by the failure to note this distinction, and the reader can hope to make sense of the Biblical laws and narratives only if he be very careful to picture to himself in every case the exact object to which his text refers. It could have no regular pattern for the same reason. (Ex 26:18, 20) Each frame was 10 cubits (4.5 m; 14.6 ft) high and one and one half cubits (67 cm; 26 in.) The earliest provision for an altar as a portion of a fixed establishment of religion is found in Exodus 20:24-26, immediately after the promulgation of the Decalogue. of When Inaugurated. Genesis 8:20; 12:7; 13:4. A further consideration is provided by the fact that the Arabs had a custom of using any stone as an altar for the nonce, and certainly such altars are found in the Mosaic and post- Mosaic history. Coverings and screens. This indignity was repaired by Hezekiah (compare There were 20 panel frames on the N side and 20 on the S side. To have burnt this incense within the veil would have required repeated entries into the holy of holies, which entries were forbidden (Leviticus 16:2). This was a diminutive table of acacia overlaid with gold, the upper surface of which was a square of one cubit, and its height two cubits, with an elevated cornice or crown around its top (Exodus 30:2). This was done "under the mount," where, beside the altar, were reared twelve pillars, emblematic of the twelve tribes of Israel (Exodus 24:4). 1, p. 538) The tabernacle was the center of the camp of Israel. ; Exod 38:1 ff., it was comparatively small and portable. The incense-sticks, broken small, were then placed upon the coals. (mizbach ha-qeToreth), (mizbach ha-zahabh). The Tabernacle was the place where the priests came to offer sacrifices and to worship the Lord. 22-25. Accordingly Moses regulated these lay altars. The reason for this departure from the strict rule of temple ritual was that sweet incense was to be burnt daily upon it at the offering of every daily sacrifice, the lamps being then lit and extinguished (compare Numbers 28:3; Exodus 30:7,8), so that a cloud of smoke might fill the inner chamber at the moment when the sacrificial blood was sprinkled (see MERCY-SEAT). They were made of brass. The altar which stood before the tabernacle was a portable box constructed of acacia wood and covered on the outside with plates of brass (Exodus 27:1). It had a height of three cubits and a top of two cubits square. (Nu 4:4-15; 7:9) The Gershonites, having two wagons, transported the tent cloths (except the curtain to the Most Holy, which was placed over the Ark [Nu 4:5]), the tabernacle coverings, courtyard hangings, screens, related tent cords, and certain service utensils. Now Solomon assembled the elders of Israel and all the heads of the tribes, the chief fathers of the children of Israel, to King Solomon in Jerusalem, that they might bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD from the City of David, which is Zion. R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel; M. Haran, Temples and Temple Service in Ancient Israel; C. L. Meyers, HBD, pp. THE ALTAR OF INCENSE (GOLDEN ALTAR)_. By this action the worshiper sealed a contract with God. Such cases must be clearly distinguished from the lay altars of Saul and others. 4:47 .) Importance attaches to a terra cotta altar of incense found by Sellin at Taanach, because its height and dimensions at the base recall the altar of Ex. The altar stood in "the middle of the court that was before the house," but proved too small to receive the gifts on the day of the temple's dedication (1 Kings 8:64; 2 Chronicles 7:7). Neither shalt thou set thee up a pillar, which the Lord thy God hateth.' (Compare 1 Samuel 2:13 1 Samuel 2:14 ; Leviticus 16:12 ; Numbers 16:6 Numbers 16:7 .). The original small altar made by Moses was superseded by one made by Solomon. This of course could only be a table, not in any sense an altar. The Earthly Tabernacle and Temple as a Type of the Heavenly Temple: 1. It is of this altar that the words were spoken, "Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way, first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift" (Matthew 5:24). Some seventy years later, approximately, Jewish exiles were allowed to return to Jerusalem to build an altar, the "Second" Jewish temple, and finally the walls of the city. The size suggests an altar of incense rather than an altar of burnt offering, but in view of the general resemblance between the Tabernacle altars of burnt offering and incense, this is a fact of minor importance. Here divine and human interchange is consummated. (Heb. Before the arrival at Sinai, during the war with Amalek, Moses had built an emergency altar, to which he gave the name Yahweh-Nissi (Exodus 17:15). (See also Watson in PEFS (January, 1910), 15, in reply to Smith.). It is clear from the historical and prophetical books that in both kingdoms a number of unlawful altars were in use.
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